Clinical dashboards for Parkinson’s Disease monitoring: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Dashboards have been used in clinical settings to monitor Parkinson’s disease (PD), serving as a means to visually represent collected data. However, there’s a need to deepen understanding regarding the relationship between the types of data collected and the appropriate visualisation formats in clinical dashboards. Furthermore, the existing dashboards lack tailoring to the specific needs of both patients and healthcare professionals, and their clinical utility remains largely unexplored. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines based on the research protocol published at PROSPERO [CRD42021256047]. PubMed/MEDLINE, ACM and IEEE databases were searched in March 2024 for studies focused on developing and designing clinical dashboards for PD monitoring. Results: A total of 47 articles were included in the review. Sensors directly a!ached to the participant’s body or embedded in various devices serve as the primary data collection tools. Among the included studies, most (39 out of 47) centred on monitoring motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, and dyskinesia, while only a small portion of the studies (8 out of 47) focused on other health-related outcomes. Notably, only a small fraction of studies (14 out of 47) involved end-users at some stage of system development, with only eight studies (8 out of 47) employing co-design or participatory design methodologies to develop dashboards with end-users collaboratively. Conclusions: This review underscores the prevalent use of sensors for gathering data on monitoring motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. Furthermore, our study also highlights a significant gap in end-user involvement in dashboard design, which impedes the advancement of knowledge regarding the optimal visual representation of clinical data.